10. Myth: The U.S. public no longer sees Iraq as a central issue in the 2008 presidential campaign.

Fact: In a recent ABC News/Washington Post poll, Iraq and the economy were virtually tied among voters nationally, with nearly a quarter of voters in each case saying it was their number one issue. The economy had become more important to them than in previous months (in November only 14% said it was their most pressing concern), but Iraq still rivals it as an issue!

Juan Cole

9. Myth: There have been steps toward religious and political reconciliation in Iraq in 2007.

Fact: The government of Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki has for the moment lost the support of the Sunni Arabs in parliament. The Sunnis in his cabinet have resigned. Even some Shi’a parties have abandoned the government. Sunni Arabs, who are aware that under his government Sunnis have largely been ethnically cleansed from Baghdad, see al-Maliki as a sectarian politician uninterested in the welfare of Sunnis.

8. Myth: The U.S. troop surge stopped the civil war that had been raging between Sunni Arabs and Shi’a in the Iraqi capital of Baghdad.

Fact: The civil war in Baghdad escalated during the U.S. troop escalation. Between January, 2007, and July, 2007, Baghdad went from 65% Shi’a to 75% Shi’a. U.N. polling among Iraqi refugees in Syria suggests that 78% are from Baghdad and that nearly a million refugees relocated to Syria from Iraq in 2007 alone. This data suggests that over 700,000 residents of Baghdad have fled this city of 6 million during the U.S. “surge,” or more than 10 percent of the capital’s population. Among the primary effects of the “surge” has been to turn Baghdad into an overwhelmingly Shi’a city and to displace hundreds of thousands of Iraqis from the capital.

7. Myth: Iran was supplying explosively formed projectiles (a deadly form of roadside bomb) to Salafi Jihadi (radical Sunni) guerrilla groups in Iraq.

Fact: Iran has not been proven to have sent weapons to any Iraqi guerrillas at all. It certainly would not send weapons to those who have a raging hostility toward Shi’a. (Iran may have supplied war materiel to its client, the Supreme Islamic Council of Iraq (ISCI), which was then sold off from warehouses because of graft, going on the arms market and being bought by guerrillas and militiamen.)

6. Myth: The U.S. overthrow of the Ba’ath regime and military occupation of Iraq has helped liberate Iraqi women.

Fact: Iraqi women have suffered significant reversals of status, ability to circulate freely, and economic situation under the Bush administration.

5. Myth: Some progress has been made by the Iraqi government in meeting the “benchmarks” worked out with the Bush administration.

Fact: In the words of Democratic Senator Carl Levin, “Those legislative benchmarks include approving a hydrocarbon law, approving a deBa’athification law, completing the work of a constitutional review committee, and holding provincial elections. Those commitments, made 1 1/2 years ago, which were to have been completed by January of 2007, have not yet been kept by the Iraqi political leaders despite the breathing space the surge has provided.”

4. Myth: The Sunni Arab “Awakening Councils,” who are on the U.S. payroll, are reconciling with the Shi’a government of PM Nuri al-Maliki even as they take on al-Qaeda remnants.

Fact: In interviews with the Western press, Awakening Council tribesmen often speak of attacking the Shi’a after they have polished off al-Qaeda. A major pollster working in Iraq observed, “Most of the recent survey results he has seen about political reconciliation, Warshaw said, are ‘more about [Iraqis] reconciling with the United States within their own particular territory, like in Anbar. . . .’ But it doesn’t say anything about how Sunni groups feel about Shi’a groups in Baghdad.” Warshaw added: “In Iraq, I just don’t hear statements that come from any of the Sunni, Shi’a or Kurdish groups that say ‘We recognize that we need to share power with the others, that we can’t truly dominate.’ ” The polling shows that “the Iraqi government has still made no significant progress toward its fundamental goal of national reconciliation.”

3. Myth: The Iraqi north is relatively quiet and a site of economic growth.

Fact: The subterranean battle among Kurds, Turkmen and Arabs for control of the oil-rich Kirkuk province makes the Iraqi north a political minefield. Kurdistan now also hosts the Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) guerrillas that sneak over the border and kill Turkish troops. The north is so unstable that the Iraqi north is now undergoing regular bombing raids from Turkey.

2. Myth: Iraq has been “calm” in the fall of 2007 and the Iraqi public, despite some grumbling, is not eager for the U.S. to depart.

Fact: In the past 6 weeks, there have been an average of 600 attacks a month, or 20 a day, which has held steady since the beginning of November. About 600 civilians are being killed in direct political violence per month, but that number excludes deaths of soldiers and police. Across the board, Iraqis believe that their conflicts are mainly caused by the U.S. military presence and they are eager for it to end.

1. Myth: The reduction in violence in Iraq is mostly because of the escalation in the number of U.S. troops, or “surge.” Fact: Although violence has been reduced in Iraq, much of the reduction did not take place because of U.S. troop activity. Guerrilla attacks in al-Anbar Province were reduced from 400 a week to 100 a week between July, 2006 and July, 2007. But there was no significant U.S. troop escalation in al-Anbar. Likewise, attacks on British troops in Basra have declined precipitously since they were moved out to the airport away from population centers. But this change had nothing to do with U.S. troops.