After a Supreme Court ruling this week allowed the Department of Commerce to stop Census enumeration efforts by Friday, Oct. 16, advocates point to other pending rulings and to the Nov. 3 elections as important determinants of what happens with the data that has been collected by the Census Bureau.

Arturo Vargas, executive director of the National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials (NALEO), said that not all is lost, despite the confusion over the changing dates and recent rulings.

“We forced the Census Bureau to extend it two weeks beyond what they wanted; we are missing out on just two weeks”, he said. “Now the big question is how accurate and complete that count is going to be, and that’s an unknown right now.”

On Tuesday SCOTUS granted an appeal by the Trump Administration to an appeals panel decision that ordered it to continue enumeration efforts until Halloween, which was the original plan of the Department of Commerce after the COVID-19 pandemic hit.

But the department changed its mind and moved that date back to Sept. 30, arguing it would not have enough time to finish processing the data to turn it over to the president of the United States as the law mandates, on Dec. 31.

The data received by the president is used for reapportionment of Congressional seats and by the states for reapportionment of the state legislatures.

However, a memo issued in July by the administration indicates that it intends to “exclude illegal aliens from the apportionment base.” This could potentially reduce the number of Congressional seats in states that are estimated to have a larger undocumented population, like California as well as some red states, like Florida, Texas and many in the South, Vargas said.

So far, a court in New York has said that it would be illegal for the Trump administration to make such adjustments to the data. That ruling was appealed to SCOTUS, which has not ruled on it yet.

“Even if the Supreme Court says the memo is legal there will be a constitutional challenge,” Vargas said.

In the event the courts rule against the civil rights groups and allow the president to modify the data using “estimates” about the number of “illegal aliens” in every state, the future of the data will be in the hands of a new Congress and a new president, Vargas said.

“The House can reject the apportionment numbers after the president sends them to Capitol Hill,” Vargas added.

A new Congress is sworn in by Jan. 3, 17 days before the new presidential term begins.

“If there is a change in the Senate and the House and the presidency all go to the same party, I think the strategy changes completely,” Vargas said.

Civil rights organizations, which have sued the administration over different aspects of the way it has conducted the Census, are also fighting over the issue of post collection processing and whether the Bureau should take additional time before turning the data over to the president.

Thomas A. Saenz, president and general counsel of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, said that after the enumeration is finished, the Bureau “will use administrative records and check the quality of the data, which takes a serious amount of time… how much time is what’s at stake.”

Several courts could still weigh in on the issue, which wasn’t addressed by the Supreme Court decision this week and SCOTUS did not issue an opinion. The decision reversed the lower court ruling, allowing the Census Bureau to stop the enumeration.

The U.S. Census Bureau issued a formal statement indicating that it has counted 99.9 percent of the households in the U.S., which sounds like complete success, but statistical experts and civil rights groups challenge that assertion.

The American Statistical Association has raised questions about the quality of the data due to the shortened schedule, dropped quality control procedures, pending lawsuits and the outsize politicization of some parts of the 2020 Census.

“It’s not enough to complete an enumeration; it’s also important to count everyone in doing so,” said John Thompson, a former Census Bureau director who was on the task force.

A statement released on Tuesday by a coalition of Native American organizations said that the “completion rates provided by the Bureau merely refer to the percentage of households not responding to the Census that they are no longer trying to contact…by saying they have completed, the agency means they have stopped trying to contact them.”

Vargas added that it is not known if all people in households were counted or if all households were included in the list. There´s also questions about the accuracy of part of the data that was filled in by proxy (by neighbors or other members of a household and not the person counted).

Vanita Gupta, president and CEO of the Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, said this week that Congress should act now to extend the deadline for the Bureau of the Census to turn over the data to the president beyond Dec. 31.

“Our democracy demands a fair count,” she said.

A new presidential term begins Jan. 20.

Pilar Marrero is a journalist and author with long experience in covering social and political issues of the Latino community in the U.S. She is the author of the books “Killing the American Dream” and “El Despertar del Sueño Americano.”